Compilation of Water Electrolysis and straightening out its many mistakes:: No-one in chemistry can write a proper logical and meaningful Equation of a Chemistry Reaction.

No-one in chemistry can write a proper logical and meaningful Equation of a Chemistry Reaction.

The proper writing of Electrolysis of Water is this:
Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2-monopoles ---> H2(gas) + 2OH- (aqueous) at cathode
Oxidation:: 2OH- (aqueous) ----> O2(gas) + 2H+(aqueous) + 2-monopole at anode

Perhaps it is because no chemist was a mathematician from the start. But compounding that no chemist was a mathematician, so few in chemistry ever study Logic-- the science of thinking straight and clear.

Compare my above with those in chemistry textbooks such as these two

Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2monopoles- ---> H2(gas) + 2OH- (aqueous) at cathode Oxidation:: 2H2O(liquid) ----> O2(gas) + 4H+(aqueous) + 4monopole- at anode

Or this one

2H3O+(aq) + 2monopole- ---> H2(g) + 2H2O(liq) cathode
3H2O(liq) ------> 1/2 O2 (g) + 2H3O+ (aq) + 2monopole- anode

Water Electrolysis compilation for proving H4O, not H2O
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Archimedes Plutonium<plutonium.archimedes@gmail.com>
Aug 21, 2023, 4:49:07 PM (2 days ago)
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Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2monopoles- ---> H2(gas) + 2OH- (aqueous) at cathode Oxidation:: 2H2O(liquid) ----> O2(gas) + 4H+(aqueous) + 4monopole- at anode

My fear is on how to weigh the gases collecting in the test tubes, without contaminating the tubes upon weighing for mass. And this is probably why no-one in physics or chemistry ever thought to weigh the masses in atomic units for if AP is correct the
hydrogen is 1/4 the oxygen in atomic mass units. If dullard Jim and the Mainstream is correct, the hydrogen is 1/8 of the oxygen in amu.

Why does AP claim water must be H4O and the hydrogen atom is actually H2 and not H alone?? Because AP believes all science is Symmetrical, and that a proton with muon inside doing the Faraday law without at least 1 neutron working as a capacitor is Anti-
symmetry. Thus, when H and H combine, one of the proton+muon inside the proton turns into a neutron-like capacitor for the other H.

And the Water Electrolysis Experiment is the perfect experiment to prove Water is H4O. It is as if all water is heavy water. And that deuterium is simply a H2 where the one H is fully a neutron. Nature does not find H all alone, not even in the Sun is
the hydrogen H but rather H2 for H2 is Atomic Hydrogen.

Jim is both too dumb&lazy to ever look things up before opening big dumb mouth.

It is time for AP to put to work all the new chemistry textbooks I bought some years back.

The first one has an excellent account.

CHEMISTRY, Wilbraham, Staley, Matta, Waterman, 2008, page 680 gives an excellent picture and accounting what goes on in Water electrolysis.

Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2monopoles- ---> H2(gas) + 2OH- (aqueous) at cathode Oxidation:: 2H2O(liquid) ----> O2(gas) + 4H+(aqueous) + 4monopole- at anode

Poor Jim seems to be stuck back at the ideal gas laws and not yet arrived at electrochemistry.

On Monday, August 21, 2023 at 4:01:10 PM UTC-5, Jim Pennino wrote:

Archimedes Plutonium <plutonium....@gmail.com> wrote:

<snip 529 lines of repeated nonsense>

Nothing left and AP still does not understand what pV = nRT means.

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Aug 22, 2023, 2:18:14 AM (2 days ago)
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Now, Oxtoby & Nachtrieb PRINCIPLES OF MODERN CHEMISTRY, 2nd edition, 1990, page 387, do something different for they have H3O in cathode.

2H3O+(aq) + 2monopole- ---> H2(g) + 2H2O(liq) cathode
3H2O(liq) ------> 1/2 O2 (g) + 2H3O+ (aq) + 2monopole- anode

H2O (liq) ------> H2 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g)

Let me go back and fill in what the other textbook had.

CHEMISTRY, Wilbraham, Staley, Matta, Waterman, 2008, page 680 gives an excellent picture and accounting what goes on in Water electrolysis.

Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2monopoles- ---> H2(gas) + 2OH- (aqueous) at cathode Oxidation:: 2H2O(liquid) ----> O2(gas) + 4H+(aqueous) + 4monopole- at anode

Overall cell reaction: 6H2O (liq) ------> 2H2(g) + O2 (g) + 4H+ (aq) + 4OH- (aq)

I am trying to digest on how these different authors can vary so much in reactions, the H3O.

AP

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Aug 22, 2023, 3:55:04 PM (2 days ago)
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CHEM ONE Waser, Trueblood, Knobler, 2nd edition, 1980 does a poor job on Water electrolysis, not even
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Aug 23, 2023, 2:13:01 AM (yesterday)
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On Tuesday, August 22, 2023 at 2:18:14 AM UTC-5 Archimedes Plutonium wrote: Now, Oxtoby &
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Aug 23, 2023, 2:40:41 AM (yesterday)
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Alright, let me get started on the most important ideas of Electrolysis, the geometry explanation,
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 23, 2023, 3:10:06 AM (yesterday)
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CHEMISTRY, Wilbraham, Staley, Matta, Waterman, 2008, page 680 gives an excellent picture and
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Aug 23, 2023, 10:30:04 AM (yesterday)
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I probably will end up regretting of ever having wandered over here. For there is something deeply
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Aug 23, 2023, 11:08:18 AM (yesterday)
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So here, I want to weigh the mass of the oxygen and hydrogen test tubes to prove either H4O or to
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Aug 23, 2023, 11:27:40 AM (yesterday)
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On Wednesday, August 23, 2023 at 11:11:18 AM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote: > Water
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1:23 AM (15 hours ago)
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Alright, I am going to keep applying Occam's Razor to Water Electrolysis, until I find a scenario
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3:49 AM (13 hours ago)
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So AP starts where the reaction starts with Reduction to H2 gas. Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2-
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On Thursday, August 24, 2023 at 3:48:44 AM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote: > So AP starts where
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On Thursday, August 24, 2023 at 8:55:30 AM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote:

On Thursday, August 24, 2023 at 3:48:44 AM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote:

So AP starts where the reaction starts with Reduction to H2 gas. Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2-monopoles ---> H2(gas) + 2OH- (aqueous) at cathode
Oxidation:: 2OH- (aqueous) ----> O2(gas) + 2H+(aqueous) + 2-monopole at anode

And we need to write the Oxidation reaction different from Old Chemistry, for the next action to take place is the oxygen gas from 2OH-, not from 2H2O.

That would be the Occam's Razor of Water Electrolysis, and it looks pretty good, except the nagging question of 2H+ (aqueous). Does this go into the test tube with oxygen? Does it travel back to the cathode and eventually find its way into the

hydrogen test tube? Or does the 2H+ combine with the electrolyte and remain a new configuration of the electrolyte?

Yes, so the 2H+ is easy to follow, and in fact the 2OH- is easy to follow, for as we turn on the electricity we first see a column of hydrogen bubbles appear, a few fractions of second later we start to see a column of oxygen bubbles appear as the 2OH-

is transported across the electrodes and arrives at the anode. Finally a fraction of seconds later we see a second column of hydrogen gas bubbles as the 2H+ appear at the cathode, two columns for hydrogen, one from decomposing 2H2O and one from the
return back arrival of 2H+ transported from the anode to cathode.

I realize no chemist or physicist was sharp enough to weigh the mass of the oxygen test tube versus hydrogen test tube, no-one sharp enough for they simply stopped the experiment when they noticed twice the volume of hydrogen to oxygen. But now we

weigh the mass in atomic mass units and AP predicts hydrogen is 1/4 oxygen while mainstream says it is 1/8. If AP is correct, then the true formula of water is H4O and not H2O.

But another project needs to be done also. In measuring the purity of the oxygen test tube and the hydrogen test tube. It may be the case that some of the 2H+ in oxidation ends up in the oxygen test tube, and not 100% pure oxygen. Or, another

possibility, my formula is wrong.

We must carry out the 2nd project to check for purity but it is rather obvious that the proportion of oxygen to hydrogen gas has to account for 2H2O, and so that means the test tubes are 100% pure hydrogen and pure oxygen.

So if my above is accurate, well, there needs to be done the weighing of the oxygen test tube and hydrogen test tube to answer the question is water H4O or is it H2O. If AP is correct with H4O means the hydrogen test tube is 1/4 the atomic mass units of
oxygen test tube, if mainstream is correct it is 1/8.

Now in one of the pictures of the many chemistry books I have shows a valve on top of the test tubes. I am trying to see how best to engineer the experiment to get all the oxygen and all the hydrogen on a weighing scale without pollution of the two test
tubes. Hard for me to visualize someone making a YouTube video of Water Electrolysis that ends up weighing the two test tubes.

But can I spot a place in the reaction of Electrolysis that requires water to be H4O? Perhaps, in the Oxidation:: 2OH- (aqueous) ----> O2(gas) + 2H+(aqueous) + 2-monopole at anode. In that oxidation phase the construction of 2H+, if water were H4O makes
more sense, because you have 2 protons for each hydrogen, whereas H2O has one proton for each H. And this also makes the explanation of 2OH- easier at the cathode phase. Why strip 2H2O of one H leaving behind one OH-.

But weighing the mass of the test tubes is clinching proof.

AP

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On Thursday, August 24, 2023 at 4:40:46 PM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote:

Compilation of Water Electrolysis and straightening out its many mistakes:: No-one in chemistry can write a proper logical and meaningful Equation of a Chemistry Reaction.

No-one in chemistry can write a proper logical and meaningful Equation of a Chemistry Reaction.

The proper writing of Electrolysis of Water is this:
Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2-monopoles ---> H2(gas) + 2OH- (aqueous) at cathode
Oxidation:: 2OH- (aqueous) ----> O2(gas) + 2H+(aqueous) + 2-monopole at anode

Notice how the first reaction at cathode answers the gas H2 but leaves unanswered the 2OH-.
And the unanswered part of the first reaction starts the top of the second reaction to fulfill the total state equation.

I do not know why Old Chemistry applied this silly method of 2H2O in both reactions, for it is clear that the anode is not about 2H2O but about the unfinished business of 2OH-.

Perhaps it is because no chemist was a mathematician from the start. But compounding that no chemist was a mathematician, so few in chemistry ever study Logic-- the science of thinking straight and clear.

Compare my above with those in chemistry textbooks such as these two

Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2monopoles- ---> H2(gas) + 2OH- (aqueous) at cathode
Oxidation:: 2H2O(liquid) ----> O2(gas) + 4H+(aqueous) + 4monopole- at anode

Or this one

2H3O+(aq) + 2monopole- ---> H2(g) + 2H2O(liq) cathode
3H2O(liq) ------> 1/2 O2 (g) + 2H3O+ (aq) + 2monopole- anode

Water Electrolysis compilation for proving H4O, not H2O

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A few days ago I thought I might regret taking on this subject. But now it is mostly clear sailing. The key idea is to track through what 2 molecules of water do, that is the key.

And that is the soar point of teaching Water electrolysis, for no teacher probably, and likely no teacher traces and tracks through from start to finish two water molecules and how they end up as gases. I know myself in chemistry class, the lecture was
pointless on electrolysis, and the book was too vague. I do not know how I survived the exam on electrolysis--- memorization of pictures???

So, let me start to track through two molecules of Water, and for this I use Old Chemistry's H2O. The H4O is merely the same as heavy water where the hydrogen atom is two protons+muons. A proton+muon by itself is not a Atom but a subatomic particle.

And it just may come to pass that Water needs to be H4O, 4 protons with muons inside each of those 4 protons. Because no Atom can exist without a capacitor. In New Chemistry, H2 is not a molecule as it is in Old Chemistry, but H2 is the Hydrogen Atom
itself.

So, now, possibly the easiest proof that water is H4O and not H2O, is consider the idea that water is liquid because of the 4 protons per 1 oxygen. I say this because in electrolysis at the cathode we strip away one of the H and leave behind an OH-.
Could electric current strip away just one H and leave behind OH- if water was H2O, I doubt it. But even more fundamental if water was H2O can two water molecules have polar bonding to make water a liquid as the molecules are close together. In other
words in H4O, the polarity of water is easy to see in the 2 extra protons that act like neutron parallel plate capacitors.

So as I walk through the life of 2 water molecules turned into gases, a geometry picture of Water molecule has to come into shape and form. Here is two H4O near the cathode.

____O___ oxygen with a parallel plate
..../....\ two H2 where one proton is a parallel plate to the other

So now a current of electricity prys loose one of the two H2 in H4O

And we visualize the current as a closed loop saw that cuts away one of the H2 and puts in place of the missing H2 a magnetic monopole making the overall water molecule OH-, and there are two of these water molecules together, tied in a polar bond. So as
the current saw cuts away one H2 of one water molecule it does so with the second water molecule forming the gas H2 in Old Chemistry and H4 in New Chemistry, this gas goes up into the hydrogen test tube at the cathode.

That leaves behind two OH-, and the 2OH- are finished reacting at the cathode, and the electric current pushes this 2OH- onwards to the anode as there is potential difference pushing the 2OH-. And once this 2OH- arrives at the anode, the anode potential
difference seeks those 2 magnetic monopoles of signage "-" as the current out of the anode and into the battery. It is here at the anode that the 2 H of 2OH- become stripped of the oxygen for all the electric current at anode seeks all the "-", leaving
behind 2H+, and the 2O which is oxygen gas goes into the oxygen test tube.

That leaves only to explain what happens with the 2H+. Well, just as the 2OH- hitched a ride on the electric current closed loop and pushed from cathode to anode. Here the reverse is happening where the 2H+ hitches a ride at anode on the electric current
closed loop that pushes the 2H+ back to the cathode where it becomes H2 gas (H4 gas in New Chemistry).

So I am delighted with this explanation. Except I need far more details.

AP, King of Science, especially Physics & Logic

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A few days ago I thought I might regret taking on this subject. But now it is mostly clear sailing. The key idea is to track through what 2 molecules of water do, that is the key.

And that is the sore point of teaching Water electrolysis, for no teacher probably, and likely no teacher traces and tracks through from start to finish two water molecules and how they end up as gases. I know myself in chemistry class, the lecture was
pointless on electrolysis, and the book was too vague. I do not know how I survived the exam on electrolysis--- memorization of pictures???

So, let me start to track through two molecules of Water, and for this I use Old Chemistry's H2O. But I like to interject the New Chemistry of water as H4O. I need not do this, for the H2O explanation covers all assailant features. The H4O is merely the
same as heavy water where the hydrogen atom is two protons+muons. A proton+muon by itself is not a Atom but a subatomic particle.

And it just may come to pass that Water needs to be H4O, 4 protons with muons inside each of those 4 protons. Because no Atom can exist without a capacitor. In New Chemistry, H2 is not a molecule as it is in Old Chemistry, but H2 is the Hydrogen Atom
itself. But I probably will confuse more than teach be bringing in H4O when H2O can explain this electrolysis. When I come to write this a book, I well run two separate scenarios-- one on H2O and one on H4O.

So, now, possibly the easiest proof that water is H4O and not H2O, is consider the idea that water is liquid because of the 4 protons per 1 oxygen. I say this because in electrolysis at the cathode we strip away one of the H and leave behind an OH-.
Could electric current strip away just one H and leave behind OH- if water was H2O, I doubt it. But even more fundamental if water was H2O can two water molecules have polar bonding to make water a liquid as the molecules are close together. In other
words in H4O, the polarity of water is easy to see in the 2 extra protons that act like neutron parallel plate capacitors.

So as I walk through the life of 2 water molecules turned into gases, a geometry picture of Water molecule has to come into shape and form. Here is two H4O near the cathode.

____O___ oxygen with a parallel plate
..../....\ two H2 where one proton is a parallel plate to the other
....\..../
____O___

So now a current of electricity prys loose one of the two H2 in H4O or in Old Chemistry prys loose one of the H from the two polar bonded water molecules.

And we visualize the current as a closed loop saw that cuts away one of the H2 and puts in place of the missing H2 a magnetic monopole making the overall remaining two water molecules as 2OH-, and there are two of these water molecules together, tied in
a polar bond. So as the current saw cuts away one H2 of one water molecule it does so with the second water molecule forming the gas H2 in Old Chemistry and H4 in New Chemistry, this gas goes up into the hydrogen test tube at the cathode.

That leaves behind two OH-, and the 2OH- are finished reacting at the cathode, and the electric current pushes this 2OH- onwards to the anode as there is potential difference pushing the 2OH-. And once this 2OH- arrives at the anode, the anode potential
difference seeks those 2 magnetic monopoles of signage "-" as the current out of the anode and into the battery. It is here at the anode that the 2 H of 2OH- become stripped away of the oxygen for all the electric current at anode seeks all the "-",
leaving behind 2H+, and the 2O which is oxygen gas goes into the oxygen test tube.

That leaves only to explain what happens with the 2H+. Well, just as the 2OH- hitched a ride on the electric current closed loop and pushed from cathode to anode. Here the reverse is happening where the 2H+ hitches a ride at anode on the electric current
closed loop that pushes the 2H+ back to the cathode where it becomes H2 gas (H4 gas in New Chemistry).

So I am delighted with this explanation. Except I need far more details.

Now in that figure above of 2 water molecules polar bonded traces the outline of a hexagon, a 6 sided figure, and am wondering if that is why snowflakes are hexagons as the polar bonding.

AP

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Let me split up the scenario of tracking two water molecules in Electrolysis with the one scenario as Water equals H2O and then later as water is H4O.

H2O scenario:

So, let me start to track through two molecules of Water, and for this I use Old Chemistry's H2O.

____O___ oxygen with a parallel plate
..../....\ two H where both H are bonded to the parallel plates of O ....\..../ here is the second water molecule polar bonded to 1st water molecule ____O___

So now we turn the battery electricity on, and we visualize the electric current as a chain saw blade, a pencil-ellipse closed loop that enters the water at the cathode and leaves at the anode.

As this chain saw as current enters at the cathode it is abundant in magnetic monopoles of signage "-" at the cathode, and when the current leaves the water at the anode pushing out the monopoles of "-" and leaving behind ions of "+".

So the electric current enters the cathode and encounters Water molecules of 2H2O polar bonded near the cathode, and the electric current chainsaw, saws off 2 H, from

____O___ oxygen with a parallel plate
..../....\ two H2 where one proton is a parallel plate to the other
....\..../
____O___

leaving a gas H2 to bubble up into the test tube, and the chain saw electric current carries this remaining 2OH- carries that molecule over to the anode.

____O___
..../ two OH- carried away from cathode to be pushed over to the anode
..........\
____O___

When the 2OH- arrives at the anode, the anode seeks with its Potential Difference in the electric circuit, seeks the magnetic monopoles, the 2-monopoles seeks them from 2OH- and shoots those two monopoles each of 0.5MeV monopoles to make up for the
electric current flow out to the battery.

As the anode strips the 2H from 2OH- and the 2O, the 2O is oxygen gas that bubbles up into the oxygen only test tube, while the 2H is now 2H+ for the anode seeks all "-" monopoles.

The 2H+ is not a gas but in aqueous solution and hitches a ride back to the cathode riding on the electric current chain saw. Once the 2H+ arrives back at the cathode, it is supplied with "-" monopoles that now turns 2H+ into a gas H2 and bubbling up
into the hydrogen gas only test tube.

As we visually watch Electrolysis of Water, we first see a column of H2 gas bubbling up into the hydrogen test tube as it saws off 2H2O leaving behind 2OH-, we see no bubbling at the anode until the 2OH- travels across to the anode and the Potential
Difference saw off the 2OH- into O2 gas and leaving behind 2H+. This 2H+ travels back to the cathode and is converted to gas H2 causing a second column of gas bubbling up to fill the hydrogen test tube.

AP

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